Sitagliptin works by inhibiting the breakdown of incretins, hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. By keeping these hormones in the bloodstream longer, insulin production is stimulated only when blood sugar levels are elevated, effectively reducing blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin is a drug that belongs to the biguanide class, and it works by reducing glucose production in the liver and increasing glucose absorption by skeletal muscles. Unlike other drugs for managing type 2 diabetes, Metformin does not increase insulin secretion from the pancreas. This feature helps reduce the excessive workload on the pancreas, which is particularly beneficial for those whose pancreas is producing less insulin or whose bodies are resistant to insulin effects.
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